Národní katalog otevřených dat - Triple Pattern Fragments Server

Matches in NKOD SPARQL for { ?s <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> ?o ?g. }

• LNO scopeNote "The results of the survey showed that each of the communities identified their language using the same name as the ethnic group, except Lorwama and Ketebo, who referred to their language as Okolie [ò kó lí ɛ̀]. This means that there are five language groups in the area, namely Lango [lgo], Imotong [imt], Logir [lqr], Okolie [oie] and Dongotono [ddd]." language.
• LSG scopeNote "There is one reference to Lyons Sign Language that was published in 1991 (Wittman 1991), but this was based entirely on the Ethnologue database used to prepare the 12th edition. All other references to the language that I can find (Glottolog, Wikipedia, sources that are obviously copied from Wikipedia) trace back to solely to Ethnologue 12 (sometimes through Wittman 1991). The Ethnologue staff has researched the basis for this entry, and can find no information in the files." language.
• MEG scopeNote "The settled consensus of NC linguistic opinon, as reflected in the Corpus de la Parole site (cited above), Wurm & Hattori (1981) and Grace (1976) (bibliographic details below) is that Tîrî and Méa are dialects of the one language. New Caledonian official statistics also gives a single number of speakers for both dialects as one." language.
• MGX scopeNote "Omati is the name of a village, and not the name of a language, so the name Omati should be replaced by the two new names: Mouwase and Barikewa. Although reports indicate that there is some mutual intelligibility between speakers of the Mouwase [jmw] and Barikewa [jbk] languages, speakers of these languages see themselves as having distinct linguistic identities." language.
• MHH scopeNote "There is no evidence to show that this language has ever existed. Different ethnic groups of the Enlhet-Enenlhet (or Maskoy) family certainly have lived together in the Puerto La Victoria area, but, as we observe in these contexts today (and as witnesses indicate regarding the Puerto La Victoria region in the past), no type of pidgin has developed." language.
• MJA scopeNote "We can find no evidence of the existence of this language in Yunnan Province, China, from Chinese and foreign linguistic sources. The Ethnologue editor has tracked the origins of this Ethnologue entry back to a 1953 thesis by linguist Dave Thomas. This work is apparently merely repeating a ethnonym cited by a non-linguist foreigner in 1949." language.
• MLD scopeNote "We have not been able to find evidence that this language exists. As far as we can see, it is not mentioned in the professional linguistic literature. The website of Global Recordings Network contains an audio-recorded story said to be in the Malakhel language; however, I listened to it and identified the language in the audio recording to be Ormuri [oru]." language.
• MNT scopeNote "It is our proposal that the entry currently listed as "Maykulan" (mnt) in Ethnologue 16 has a series of "alternate names" which actually represent a collection of languages under a Mayi group (currently Mayabic). These languages--Mayi-Kulan [xyk], Mayi-Thakurti [xyt], Mayi-Yapi [xyj], and Wunumara [wnn] -- will join the level of the existing Mayaguduna (xmy) and Ngawun (nxn)." language.
• MOF scopeNote "Narragansett and Wampanoag are treated separately in the linguistic literature. Given the certainty that Narragansett does not belong with Mohegan-Pequot and the uncertainty of whether or not it belongs with Massachusett, it seems a prudent idea to give Narragansett its own place within ISO 639-3. Thus, Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett [mof] should be split into two elements--Mohegan-Pequot [xpq] and Narragansett [xnt]." language.
• MST scopeNote "The present codes for Mandaya (mrt, mry, and mst) do not represent dialects of Mandaya but data collection points when Andrew Gallman was gathering data for his dissertation some 30 years ago. In reality it is all the same language with a purer Mandaya in the mountains and more of a mixed variety of Mandaya along the coast." language.
• MVM scopeNote "Eastern [emq] and Western Minyag [wmg] are mutually unintelligible. Speakers of each variety cannot communicate with each other and there is no central variety which speakers of both varieties understand." language.
• MWD scopeNote "Mudburra [dmw] - New Code/New Name, request submitted now, at this time keep Pinkangama listed as an alternate name of Mudburra" language.
• MWJ scopeNote ""Vasekele [vaj] is the generic Angolan Bantu name, and should apply to all Northern !Kung varieties equally: !O!ung [oun], Maligo [mwj], Mangetti Dune !Xung [gfx]." language.
• MWX scopeNote "Mediak is a clan name similar to Mosiro and Kisankasa according to Maguire (1948:7-8) and not a glossonym. Against this background and for linguistic reasons Rottland & Vossen (1977: 226-230) shift all three clans to Akie [mwy]." language.
• MYD scopeNote "There is no such "Maramba" language. The language of the people of Maramba village is Angoram [aog]." language.
• MYI scopeNote "The name Mina designates a caste name and a tribe name in India. Ethnologue reports that the Mina" use a mix of Dhundari [dhd], Mewari [mtr], and Mewati [wtm]" and "reportedly L1 is Dhundari [dhd] in Rajasthjan and Braj Bhasha [bra] in Madhya Pradesh."" language.
• MYQ scopeNote "Forest Maninka” is a phantom language. I’m afraid, I’m partly guilty of its emergence: many years ago, I invented this term as generic for the continuum Manya – Konya – Odienne Jula, and later on, someone reinterpreted it as a language of a lower level." language.
• MYT scopeNote "The present codes for Mandaya (mrt, mry, and mst) do not represent dialects of Mandaya but data collection points when Andrew Gallman was gathering data for his dissertation some 30 years ago. In reality it is all the same language with a purer Mandaya in the mountains and more of a mixed variety of Mandaya along the coast." language.
• NAD scopeNote "The only reference to Nijadali I can find is Ethnologue, so it's probably a typo for Nijadali [xny] (an alternate spelling for Nyiyaparli)." language.
• NBF scopeNote "Based on first-hand experience by SIL researchers, Naxi (Naxi Proper) [nxq] and Narua (Mosuo) [nru] are almost completely unintelligible with previously unexposed speakers only being able to understand isolated words of the other's speech." language.
• NBX scopeNote "We believe that Dr. Bowern's research and expertise on languages of Australia, as well as the support of the sources listed below are sufficient to define these as distinct languages. (Thus Ngura split into Badjiri [jbi], Eastern Karnic [ekc], Garlali [gll], Punthamara [xpt] and Wangkumara [xwk].)" language.
• NCP scopeNote "Speakers of Ndaktup can use Kwaja [kdz]." language.
• NGO scopeNote "Marginal intelligibility. No common literature. A "hard" border between the two with different offical languages (English/Swahili and Portuguese). Religion is also an indicator: Whereas the Tanzanian Ngoni are traditional or Christian, the Mozambican Ngoni are Muslim. (Thus split into Tanzanian Ngoni, Chingoni [xnj] and Mozambican Ngoni, Xingoni [xng])." language.
• NLN scopeNote "This is strong evidence of the existence of two related languages that have diverged significantly from each other over time. If we add to this the different influences from other language in each area (see above), it appears that we have sufficient evidence from both linguistic and sociolinguist aspects that, despite the high percentage of interintelligibility, these variants should no longer be considered the same language. Thus, split into Eastern Durango Nahuatl [azd] and Western Durango Nahuatl [azn]." language.
• NLR scopeNote "Split into Ngarla [nrk] and Yinhawangka [ywg]. Dr. Bowern judges the two languages Yinhawangka and Ngarla to be different. They are associated with different locations, as provided on the New Code Request form." language.
• NNX scopeNote "The Ethnologue has an entry Ngong [nnx] as well as an entry Nagumi [ngv], but Ngong is a village of Nagumi (Maddieson and Williamson 1975:132-133) and should not be a separate entry." language.
• NOM scopeNote "Nocamán has been proven to be a dialect of Cashibo-Cacataibo (Kakataibo Kashibo) [cbr] (Zariquiey 2013)" language.
• NOO scopeNote "The Ditidaht language is recognized as an individual language by the First Peoples' Heritage, Language and Culture Council. Thus, Nootka [noo] split into Ditidaht [dtd] and Nuu-chah-nulth [nuk]." language.
• NTE scopeNote "Merge [nte] Nathembo into [eko] Koti as Dialect and deprecate nte as a code." language.
• NTS scopeNote "Any mention of Natagaimas [nts] is missing from all the major sources on South Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code, page 3. American languages. Hammarstrom (2015) believes that both Coyaima [coy] and Natagaimas [nts] are simply place names and should be merged into Pijao [pij]." language.
• NXU scopeNote "In this present request, we observe that previous linguistic data were acquired for a variety of Kaure spoken near the Narau river, hence the name. Dommel and Dommel (1991) report that Narau and Kaure are mutually intelligible," language.
• OME scopeNote "Alan Wares, in correspondence with Barbara Grimes (5/28/1971), stated that Omejes should be deleted as "non-existent." Moreover, the Ethnologue has not added any information to the Omejes language entry in nearly 40 years. Mention of this language is missing from all the major sources on South American languages." language.
• OUN scopeNote "The others are only alternate names for Vasekele, or, in the case of Mangetti Dune, a location where it is spoken. (Thus, !O!ung [oun] merged into Vasekele [vaj].)" language.
• PAT scopeNote "All three villages said that that they spoke Koro. Papitalai villagers specifically mentioned there was not a "Papitalai" language that was different from Koro [kxr]." language.
• PBZ scopeNote "Nothing is known about this language; we have never heard of this language. There is no evidence that this language has ever existed." language.
• PGY scopeNote "In short, the rationale for this proposed change is that no proper evidence has ever been presented for Pongyong's [pgy] existence as a unique language. As far as Nepali linguists can tell, this is a "ghost entry" in the ISO 639-3. “Pongyong” is a Rai clan name (Van Driem 2001:623)." language.
• PII scopeNote "According to Amanda Lissarrague at Austlang (p.c. 2021), “‘Pini’ has no language data apart from the name and is an exonym.”" language.
• PLJ scopeNote "According to Decker and Aregbesola (2020), a forthcoming report available on request, the varieties identified as the Polci cluster is a combination of linguistically and socially different languages. Thus, Split into Pesse [pze], Nyamzak-Dir-Mbarimi [nzr], Zul [zlu], and Buli [uly]." language.
• PLP scopeNote "n that review (2010 Nepal Audit), the following statement was made about Palpa: There is no known attestation for Palpa as a separate language, or even dialect, by the community or national census." language.
• PMC scopeNote "Grimes (1995: 3) indicates that Palumata (now extinct) was a dialect of Hukumina (also extinct). He lists alternate names for Palumata as Palamata, Balamata, and Pala Mada." language.
• PMK scopeNote "Pamlico is the name of a tribe (ethnonym) whose members spoke a dialect of Carolina Algonquian [crr]. Pamlico is sometimes used as an alternate name for Carolina Algonquian (Mithun 1999: 327, 333)." language.
• PMU scopeNote "From the research we did in Pakistan and for immigrant populations in the U.K., we found that both PHR and PMU are closely-related languages in the Punjabi dialect chain. Thus, merged into Pahari-Potwari [phr]." language.
• POD scopeNote "Alan Wares, in correspondence with Barbara Grimes (5/28/1971), stated that Ponares should be deleted as "non-existent." The Ethnologue states that Ponares is a "Sáliba surname. [It] might have been a Piapoco or Achagua subgroup." Mention of this language is missing from all the major sources on South American languages." language.
• PPA scopeNote "As Harald Hammarstrom (2015) states, it Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code, page 3 is highly possible that Pao, as a name of a Scheduled Tribe in the Bagheli-speaking area of Madhya Pradesh, was confused with the Tibeto-Burman language of the same name [blk], spoken in Myanmar." language.
• PPR scopeNote "“At the head of Piru Bay, a very small number of elderly in Piru village still remember the indigenous language. Although Dyen (1978:392) was doubtful about the classification of this speech community, it can be demonstrated that Piru is a dialect of Luhu, a fact which Van Hoevell correctly stated in 1877." language.
• PRB scopeNote "Lua' is a cover term for the Prai and Mal languages. The term Lua' has been widely used in northern Thailand to refer to different langauge groups such as Prai [prt], Western Lawa [lcp], and Eastern Lawa [lwl]." language.
• PRP scopeNote "Merged into [guj] Gujarati. Today Parsis do not retain an Iranian language, but speak a variety of Gujarati with some Iranian lexical material not otherwise present in Gujarati." language.
• PRY scopeNote "Pray 3 is actually a dialect of Prai found at Ban Wen." language.
• PUK scopeNote "From Chuck Fennig, "The main thing is that, for over 60 years, we have gained virtually no knowledge about this language"." language.
• PUZ scopeNote "Both the languages have the same information on location and Population in most available resources. So it seems to be one language. Thus, Purum Naga [puz] merged into Purum [pub]." language.
• RIE scopeNote "The name for this purported language apparently came from the 1954 listing from David Thomas. Most linguists working in Southeast Asia have not heard of this language. The Ethnologue seems to be the sole source of information on this group." language.
• RMR scopeNote "Erromintxela, "Basque Romany", is not mutually intelligible with Iberian Caló because 1) the grammar of Erromintxela is entirely based on Basque rather than on Spanish or Portuguese and 2) the Romany component is based on Kalderash Romany rather than Caló. Thus, split into Caló [rmq] and Erromintxela [emx]" language.
• RNA scopeNote "Concerning this language, Alan Wares, in correspondence with Barbara Grimes (5/28/1971), wrote: "Delete, non-existent." The only source listed in the Ethnologue is "SIL 1977" and there is no further infomation available." language.
• RSI scopeNote "The "language", as described by Kuschel 1974, would clearly be considered a home sign system today, since it was only ever used by one deaf person and his hearing associates. This is not to criticize the Deaf person's intelligence and inventiveness, but simple to say that his communication system does not fit the criteria for inclusion in ISO 639-3. There never was a community of users in the usual sense, something that Kuschel goes to great lengths to demonstrate." language.
• SAP scopeNote "Angaité [aqt] and Sanapaná [spn] are different on all of the above criteria. Indeed, the two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there is a clear ethnoliguistic distinction." language.
• SCA scopeNote "Sansu [sca] should be merged into the existing code for Hlersu [hle]. The code [sca] should be retired from use." language.
• SDM scopeNote "While Semandang does have many dialects, Gerai and Beginci are definitely NOT dialects of Semandang and should have their own language code. Semandang is a very large language group with at least 12 different dialects, Kualan being by far the biggest. Gerai is a very small language group and is made up of just one dialect. Thus, semandang [sdm] split into Semandang [sdq], Beginci [ebc] and Gerai [gef]" language.
• SGL scopeNote "The lexical similarity of Ishkashimi [isk] and Sanglechi [sgy] is 70%. Comprehension testing showed that intelligibility between the two speech varieties is marginal, although the Sanglechi understand Ishkashimi slightly better than vice versa." language.
• SGO scopeNote "Songa [sgo], alternative name Kisonga, is listed as an unclassified Bantu language of South Kivu province without a precise location or a population estimate. There is no sign of a language with that name in South Kivu province (Kadima 1983:34-37, Moeller 1936) unless it is Kisanga (Botne 2003:423). If it is Kisanga, the Songa [sgo] entry is spurious because Kisanga falls under the Lega-Shabunda [lea] entry." language.
• SKK scopeNote "Sidwell & Jacq (2003) consider Oi [Oy], Sok, and Cheng [Jeng] to be dialects of the same language. Oy and Jeng share 95% lexical similarity, well above the threshhold for dialects on one language (p. 6). As for Sok, Sidwell & Jacq (2003) report that "they consider themselves as Oi [Oy] (Oi-Sok). Thus, Sok [skk] merged into Oy [oyb]." language.
• SLQ scopeNote "Ethnologue seems to be the only source for Salchuq [slq]. Almost all online sources point to Wikipedia, and Wikipedia has only Ethnologue as a source (Eberhard et al 2022). All the way back to the 11th edition (1988), there has only been one piece of information in the Salchuq entry: "May be a dialect of South Azerbaijani."" language.
• SMD scopeNote "There is no evidence that Sama [smd] exists as a distinct speech variety used by a community with a unique ethnolinguistic identity. It is a regional dialect of Kimbundu [kmb], spoken in the municipality of Quissama (spelling varies) in northwestern Angola's Luanda Province." language.
• SNB scopeNote "Iban and Sebuyau originated from the same area of Indonesia in about 1500, and have not diverged much since then. Though they had a separate ethnic identification for a time, the languages have remained the same." language.
• SNH scopeNote "The Ethnologue has stated, since the 8th edition (1974), that "Existence improbable; contact attempted several times. Thought to have possibly been a Chácobo group."" language.
• SUL scopeNote "The Tandaganon language is distinct from Surigaonon and from other languages in northeastern Mindanao (Butuanon, Kamayo, Mamanwa, Manobo) and other Philippine languages. Thus Surigaonon [sul] split into Tandaganon [tgn] and Surigaonon [sgd]." language.
• SUM scopeNote "Ulwa is the southernmost surviving member of the Sumu language subfamily. It is not mutually intelligible with its northern Sumu neighbor, the Mayangna language. Thus, Sumo-Mayangna [sum] split into Mayangna [yan] and Ulwa [ulw]." language.
• SVR scopeNote "Hammarstrom (2015) states that it has been checked quite carefully that no Dravidian language exists matching the name Savara or any of the other information in the entry (p.c. David Stampe 2011). Barb Waugh (SIL) responded to queries about Savara stating that she did not believe that the language existed at all. She only knew Savara as an alternate name for Sora [srb], a Munda language." language.
• SZD scopeNote "As Hammerstrom notes, "It has been known for a century that the Sru were a fraction of the Ukit [umi] who happened to end up at Sru, and indeed, "every word . . . " in the wordlist of Bailey (1901) was understood by the Ukit [umi] "as belonging to their own language"." language.
• TBB scopeNote "Ethnologue (1996) declared that the Tapeba ethnic group, numbering 984, was monolingual in Portuguese [por]. Hammarstrom (2015) says that Tapeba is unattested and cannot be asserted to have been a separate language. Other major publications on South American languages do not mention the name Tapeba." language.
• TDU scopeNote "Dusun Tambunan [kzt], Kota Marudu Tinagas [ktr], Dusun Tempasuk [tdu], Coastal Kadazan [kzj] should be part of a single language called Kadazan Dusun or Dusun or Kadazandusun, not listed as separate languages." language.
• TGG scopeNote "Tangga should be split into three separate languages: Fanamaket (spoken on New Ireland) [bjp], Warwar Feni (spoken on the Feni Islands) [hrw], and Niwer Mil (spoken on the Tangga Islands) [hrc]." language.
• THC scopeNote "Thai Hang Tong (THC) is an alternative name used in Vietnam for Tai Pao (TPO) (FerlusRequest for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code, page 3 2008). It is found in some Vietnamese-language publications, but is hardly ever used locally at present (“Tai Pao” is now the preferred form). Thus, Thai Hang Tong [thc] merged into Tai Pao [tpo]." language.
• THW scopeNote "[thw] Thudam should be merged with [ola] Walungge. There is high reported intelligibility between Thudam speakers and Walungge speakers." language.
• THX scopeNote "Oy [oyb] and The [thx] are the same language." language.
• TID scopeNote "The two Tidung varieties proposed herein are different both structurally, lexically, and phonologically. Thus, Tidong [tid] split into Northern Tidung [ntd] and Southern Tidung [itd]." language.
• TIE scopeNote "The original classification of Tingal as a separate language was based on a misreading of the only published reference to it. A field check has established that Tingal is a dialect of Tegali [ras]." language.
• TKK scopeNote "I can find no data in the Takpa [tkk] references in the Ethnologue to support its classification as Tibetan, Western, Ladakhi. On the contrary, Dakpa has been grouped with East Bodish by Shafer, Burling, van Driem and Michailovsky & Mazaudon. Cuona Monpa (which is the name in China for [twm]) is classified as East Bodish by Bradley. Thus, Takpa [tkk] merged into Tawang Monpa [twm]." language.
• TLW scopeNote "Taguchi, who originally stated that they are differen langauges, recently sent me an e-mail stating the following "My survey report in 1996-7 concluded that the North and South Wemale should be identified as two different languages. However, after many years of interactions of Wemale community people I learned and can now conclude that they can communicate with each other without difficulty. Thus, South Wemale [tlw] merged into North Wemale [weo]." language.
• TMK scopeNote "This report is attached to the email submission. Information already published in Ethnologue, based on the language survey by Varenkamp (1996), cites a lexical similarity of 94% with Western Trisuli Tamang [tdg]. It should be merged with [tdg] as a dialect." language.
• TMP scopeNote "Tai Mene (TMP) should not be considered a distinct language, but simply alternative name for Tai Yo (TYJ). Thus, updated by inclusion of Tai Mene [tmp]." language.
• TNE scopeNote "The name for the languages (although they should actually be treated as dialects of one language) referred to in Ethnologue as Kallahan Tinoc (tne) and Kallahan Kayapa (kak) should be "Kalanguya" because this is the name used by native speakers of both dialects. Thus, Tinoc Kallahan [tne] merged into Kalanguya [kak]." language.
• TNF scopeNote "Lexical similiarity of Dari and Tangshewi is between 86% and 90%. Comprehension testing of Eastern Farsi (Dari) showed that Dari is highly intelligible for the Tangshewi people. Thus, Tangshewi (tnf) merged into [prs] Dari." language.
• TOE scopeNote "Alan Wares, in correspondence with Barbara Grimes (5/28/1971), stated that Tomedes should be deleted as "non-existent." Moreover, the Ethnologue has not added any information to the Tomedes language entry in nearly 40 years. Mention of this language is missing from all the major sources on South American languages." language.
• TPW scopeNote "Tupí, also called Old Tupi, is generally used interchangably with Tupinambá. Voeglin and Voeglin indicate that Old Tupi and Tupinambá are the same." language.
• TSF scopeNote "Interactions with members of the Eastern Tamang [taj] language project team strongly suggested that Southwestern Tamang [tsf] should be grouped with Eastern Tamang [taj]." language.
• UNP scopeNote "Unggumi [xgu] and Worrorra [wro] have been considered separate languages for some time now. In McGregor's 1988 Worrorran classification in his "Handbook of Kimberley Languages," he lists them both as separate languages." language.
• UOK scopeNote "Uokha [uok] is a place name where the language of the clans Emai, Iuleha and Ora is spoken (Elugbe 1989:22-24, Jungraithmayr and Ganslmayr 1986:34), but this language already is already included in Emai-Iuleha-Ora [ema]." language.
• UUN scopeNote "Kulon-Pazeh subgroup was proposed in Blust (1999); however, Kulon and Pazeh-Kaxabu are two different languages. Thus, Kulon-Pazeh [uun] split into Kulon [uon] and Pazeh [pzh]" language.
• VKI scopeNote "Ija-Zuba, although sharing a general identity as Koro, represent two languages that are linguistically different, with the Ija representing Koro Nulu and Zuba representing Koro Zuba. Thus, Ija-Zuba [wki] split into Koro Nulu [vkn] and Koro Zuba [vkz]" language.
• WGW scopeNote "Furthermore, intelligibility testing between Yaleba and Wagawaga revealed that intelligibility between the two varieties is only marginal and they do not share a common ethnolinguistic identity. Thus, Wagawaga [wgw] split into Yaleba [ylb] and Wagawaga [wgb]." language.
• WIT scopeNote "Modern scholars of Wintuan languages are in agreement that Wintu, Nomlaki and Patwin are three separate languages. Thus, Wintu [wit] split into Wintu [wnw], Nomlaki [nol], and Patwin [pwi] ." language.
• WIW scopeNote "Nauo, also known as Nawo, is a poorly attested, but clearly separate language from Wirangu (ISO 639-3: wiw). Thus, Wirangu [wiw] split into Wirangu [wgu] and Nauo [nwo]." language.
• WRA scopeNote "I presented evidence that at least three different languages have been classified together as “Warapu” in an article I published in Language and Linguistics in Melanesia. Thus, Warapu [wra] split into Bauni [bpe], Uni [uni] and Bouni [suo]." language.
• WRD scopeNote "No known evidence exists that Warduji is a language. We have searched the internet, libraries, and the historical record that exists in the Ethnologue to try and find evidence for it. We have been unable to identify a single speaker either at the present time or in the past. Warduj is the name of a district in Badakhshan Province in northeast Afghanistan." language.
• WYA scopeNote "In summary, although Wendat and Wyandot are similar to one another and were historically mutually intelligible, there are some important differences that justify splitting this code into two codes. Thus, Wyandot [wya] split into Wyandot [wyn] and Wendat [wdt]." language.
• XBA scopeNote "Since the ethnic population given for Kamba (2,000) matches that of Chiquitano [cax] in Brazil and the region given for Kamba matches the region for Chiquitano in Brazil, Kamba is most likely a duplicate of Chiquitano." language.
• XBX scopeNote "Because it is unclear as to which language(s) Kabixi (Cabixi) actually refers to, we will not consider it to be equivalent to another ISO 639-3 language." language.
• XIA scopeNote "Xiandao is a subdialect of the Husa dialect of Achang and should be included in the element [acn]." language.
• XIP scopeNote "The Ethnologue has no information on Xipináwa [xip], except for a referenct to "SIL 1976." Loukotka (1968:172) indicates that this language is unattested. Citing this same source, Hammarstrom (2015) states that Xipináwa cannot be asserted to have been a separate language." language.
• XKH scopeNote "Hammarstrom (2015) cites several sources as evidence that Karahawyana is a dialect of Waiwai [waw]." language.

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